Kirtan: Rocket to Self-realization

Satsang by Swami Satyananda Saraswati

Kirtan is an important aspect of yoga. Just as rasgula is incomplete without sugar, so yoga is also incomplete without kirtan. Kirtan is not religious chanting, nor is it just singing one word many times. It is a part of nada yoga, the yoga of sound, in which you produce sound waves and follow them with your awareness. By singing kirtan you are able to withdraw yourself from the body and your external environment. You are travelling by the jet of emotions, therefore, you do not confront the mind at all. In raja yoga you have to fight the mind, but in kirtan you bypass the mind.

The singing saint

Five centuries ago, a great sannyasin named Chaitanya lived in India. He was also known as Gauranga because he was so fair. Gauranga was a very great scholar and intellectual of his time, and he wrote an important thesis on economics. But suddenly he had a higher vision and realised that the intellect is a barrier in spiritual life. So he renounced everything and embraced sannyasa. He was intent on developing the devotional aspect of his being, and he found the system of kirtan very effective for that. He used to sing the Lord's name day and night as he travelled throughout the country. Whenever Chaitanya sang kirtan, he would go into a trance and continue singing 'Hare Krishna, Hare Krishna, Krishna Krishna, Hare Hare' for hours at a time. He always had a gathering of villagers singing and dancing as he moved from one village to another.

Chaitanya was a devotee of Krishna. He said that when man's thoughts are totally corrupted, and one does not find enough strength to control the mind, then all other forms of yoga do not really work. When your mind is tossed by the desires and passions, then even your devotion to God is not honest devotion. When you are fantasising about the sensualities of life, and your mind is filled with cruelties and terror, how can you really think about God and transcend the gross awareness of life? The easiest way then is to sing his name. And other than this, there is no sadhana.

There are only three qualities required by a devotee to reach God. First, you should consider yourself an inseparable part of the universal life plan, and become humble like a blade of grass. Second, you should be as enduring as the tree which faces summer, winter, storm and wind. And third, you should tune yourself to God by singing his name. If you embody these three qualities, then you can have the vision of the divine.

Yoga of kirtan

Since the time of Chaitanya, there has been an incessant tradition of incorporating kirtan with other forms of yoga. Side by side with the rigorous forms of yoga and the practice of meditation, melodies and the tender and delicate yoga of kirtan should also be practised.

Learn a few simple kirtans and then sing them together in a group, not alone. Form a group of about fifteen people, select one kirtan and one melody and let one person lead the kirtan. The leader will sing the words first and then the others will sing them after him. Only a few simple instruments are needed - cymbals, a harmonium, and in particular a drum. This is the most important instrument because its vibrations have an immediate effect on the brainwaves and the blood circulation. In fact, the rhythm of the drum is a sound to massage both the body and the mind.

Sing kirtan for about half an hour, then sit quietly for meditation. Through kirtan you can liberate yourself from blocks and complexes. If you completely involve yourself in kirtan, when you sit for meditation, you will find that the highway is very clear. There will be no traffic jam on the mental plane.

Forget that you are a gentleman, a great man or woman, a professor, an engineer, a scientist or a doctor. These are limitations of personality. They are not your definitions; they are superimpositions. When you say, 'I am a professor' or 'I am a lady from a great family', you are superimposing something on yourself. When you sing kirtan, you must come down to the point of humility and think 'I am nothing'. Only if you can maintain this attitude, will you be able to transcend your complexes and blocks.

Intellect and emotion

Kirtan is not an intellectual yoga, but each and every sound that is produced in kirtan goes deep into your consciousness. Intellectuals will try to understand kirtan, but for them it is very difficult, because kirtan is mainly concerned with the emotional personality of the individual. Although the emotions are not properly understood and utilised, they are very powerful tools in the hands of man. Through the intellect, you cannot go very deep; you cannot realise the consciousness. By means of the intellect you can know about God, truth and many things; but you can never experience them.

There is a great difference between knowledge and experience. I will tell you a true story which will illustrate the point. Once, while I was travelling to Australia by plane, I met an English professor who had written a book on Indian sweets and presented it to his university as a thesis. It was a very beautiful and well written book, and the professor had a good knowledge of Indian sweets. So we discussed the subject for hours. Later, when we were taking our dinner, I opened a box of sweets which had been given tome by the airline company. The sweets were rasgulas, a very famous Indian sweet. When I started to eat the rasgulas, I remembered the professor and sent some to him. He ate them and he experienced them. Afterwards, he asked what sort of sweets they were. 

Now, I am trying to distinguish between knowledge and experience. No doubt the professor had a thorough knowledge of Indian sweets, but he had no experience. Intellect is a medium of knowledge and emotion is an instrument of experience. If you want to experience peace and God within you, you have to develop the emotional side of your nature. If your emotions are blunt, you can go to the temple and talk about God for days together or speak about him from the church pulpit, but he will be far from you. However, if your emotions are charged, just by hearing about God, you can enter into a trance and experience him. This is because the emotions are the eyes through which you can experience a greater love and awareness.

Therefore, it is of utmost importance that a raja yogi or a hatha yogi must develop his emotional personality. How can he do this? There are many ways, but the easiest, cheapest and safest method is kirtan.

My experiences in kirtan

In 1943 when I first joined the ashram in Rishikesh I was not a very emotional or devotional type of person. Therefore, the first daily duty that I was given was something which I did not like. A year before my arrival, Swami Sivananda had made a resolution that unbroken kirtan of the Mahamantra would be chanted in the ashram till the very last. So, in one corner of the hall a swami or lay person always used to sit and chant, 'Hare Rama, Hare Krishna, Hare Hare'. After one hour another person would replace him. Thus, the kirtan continued for all the twenty four hours.

It was a very difficult resolution to keep, but it was that unbroken kirtan which became the nucleus of Swamiji's mission. And I was given the duty to sing for one hour during the night. So I had to sleep in the hall, wake up at a particular time, and sing the name, which was so dry and tasteless for me at that time, but I used to do it anyway.

After some time, however, I began to have experiences. I cannot say why they came to me, but one night while I was singing the name without any life or feeling, suddenly I found myself in the midst of wild animals, tigers, wolves and hyenas. They were all moving in to attack and tear me to pieces, and I was stricken with fear. That was the first time I experienced the feeling of fear. Before that I had always been fearless. I could travel alone through the wild forest the whole night without any fear. I could face anything fearlessly. I never knew what the experience of fear was.

In dream, however, I experienced that fear. I began to scream, because I did not know how to escape. And at that time a very big elephant came towards me. With his trunk, he just elevated me onto his back, and all the fear vanished. After some time, I found that it was not me sitting there, it was Buddha. This was a wonderful dream or vision that I had while singing the name. And many other visions followed.

Actually it was for this particular range of experiences I had been working for so many years. I did practise pranayama, etc. but that was not so effective. Perhaps my constitution, my samskaras were very hard. However, what I could not achieve with so many years of sadhana, I achieved by singing a name in which I did not even have faith. And then, what happened, even though I did not like that kirtan job, I did it because that was giving me experience after experience, and all of them were fantastic and beautiful.

Dancing like a mad man

Swami Sivananda loved kirtan immensely. When he sang kirtan, he used to start dancing. During the kirtan, he would become completely inspired and transmuted. Here was a sannyasin, belonging to the highest order of Adwaita Vedanta, the philosophy of gyana yoga, dancing like a fool. He was a person who represented the highest philosophy in Hindu religion, the preceptor of a philosophy of pure monism, and when I saw him dancing like a mad man, I began to doubt my rational approach to reality. I began to think that all my concepts about spiritual life were merely intellectual. All my knowledge came from the upper crust of human existence. Then I gradually started getting into the mood of singing kirtan.

Even today, my approach to life is totally rationalistic; I do not believe in the many gods of the Hindu pantheon. I don't even believe in a personal god. I believe in supreme, total consciousness. To imagine that someone is sitting in heaven looking down at everyone is foolish for me. I don't think that God exists as a judge of man. I don't even think that he hears our prayers. When I pray I know that I hear, and I hypnotise myself. But even with this rational approach, I am still very much affected by kirtan.